Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay

The themes that are introduced and emphasised in Chapter 8 of Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations are a near complete summary of the themes of the novel as a whole and of the conditions in which the English people had to live with in the 1800’s. This chapter epitomises the circumstances in which English people lived and the situations that they faced, and it looks at many different perspectives and takes into account many different factors. The Industrial Revolution was a period in time when everything in England changed rapidly, and Dickens made sure that he captured England’s huge transition in every light he could. Dickens himself lived in poverty for a number of years, and his main motive for writing books (such as Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby) was his desire to see change. These books are based around injustice and the divide between wealth and poverty. Chapter 8 of Great Expectations clearly defines the issues that Dickens sought to deal with through writing. The very first thing that happens in Chapter 8 Pip’s uncomfortable breakfast with Mr Pumblechook. Pip states in his narrative that ‘on politely bidding him Good morning’, Pumblechook immediately asked him a mathematics question. The breakfast then proceeds to continues in this manner (‘before I had swallowed a morsel, he began a running sum that lasted throughout breakfast. ‘) This is a prime example of control. This is one of the themes that come to the fore as the novel progresses. Pip finds that he very rarely has a choice in matters, he is either forced to do something or it would be very foolish or insulting to decline making certain choices. His life his almost completely influenced by others, and he often has no control over it at all. In Chapter 8, he is controlled by Pumblechook (as afore mentioned), Estella (‘†You are to wait here, boy. â€Å"‘) and Miss Havisham (‘†Play! â€Å"‘). In particular, Miss Havisham manipulates the lives of Estella and Pip to suit her own twisted, selfish needs to the point where she is remorseful of her actions. Dickens stresses the point that, in this era, the wealthy people dictate the actions of the poorer people. The fact that Pip is sitting back and enjoying the ride, so to speak, is a result of the people around him ordering and demanding things of him. Pip rarely has a choice to make, and is manipulated and used by many people, some with good intentions (Magwitch), some with evil intentions (Miss Havisham and Compeyson). Control and the gulf between inferiority and superiority are perpetual forces in the novel.

Baby Shoes, Never Worn

Baby shoes, never worn The watch that hang over the table was ticking loudly in the silence. The two of them were standing muted in front of each other. They had been together for three years and each year she would ask him the question. She thought it was about time they started trying, but he still felt too young for the commitment. She said her biologically watch was ticking, but he maintained his opinion and told her to stop being anxious. He believed they still had plenty of time.One day she walked along the sidewalk and all she saw on her way was little people. She looked at Jumpsuits, diapers and perambulators. She got to a place with tiny shoes. She picked up a pair and caught herself in a mirror as she turned around. Something wet ran down her cheek and she could hear herself. Coming to her senses she stormed out to her car and drove home. She stayed up that night thinking about her misfortune. She decided to wake him up to convince him that the right moment was now. Luck wa s not with her.Wanting to put herself out of her misery and rage she discovered her hand moving to give him a red mark on the side of his head. She had never worried this much about anything before and he had never seen her this way before. The chaotic atmosphere had filled up the entire apartment. He tried to catch her before she got to the doorknob but failed. Her mind was empty for everything but her wish. She kept driving into the night not stopping at any point. The tank was almost empty when the first light hit the windscreen.A petrol station was the first place she saw and it was about time to stop. She sat on the bench looking at a newspaper with wet eyes when she saw the advertisement. It said â€Å"For Sales: Baby Shoes. Never Worn†. Looking at the address she drove fast across town. The picture of the baby shoes hang from the ceiling. She bulled over when she reached the right block. The young Mrs. opened the door to the apartment. She was home alone. They greeted each other. They had a noiseless clock over their table in the kitchen.The needle went from number to number, silently. She looked around not saying anything, not complimenting anything. The Mrs. observed her walking through the apartment, but stopped her when she came to the room at the far back. She barely got to see the room, but it was plenty. She looked at the Mrs. expression, turned around and walked down to her car on the street. The car was empty when she drove home to him. The clock was still ticking over the kitchen table however not as fast as it used to tick.

American History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History - Assignment Example Lastly, they learned to mount heavy cannons on their ships, which was an advantage during naval battles. As a result of their expeditions, in the African coast, they found what they were looking for that gave them a bog advantage to their neighbouring countries – gold, ivory and slaves. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? Treaty of Tordesillas is an adjustment of the lines of the two kingdoms – Spain and Portugal. Spain claimed most of the Western Hemisphere including the Philippines while Portugal claimed most of the Eastern Hemisphere including the African coast and Brazil. What was the French plan for colonizing North America? What did they hope to get by having colonies in North America? France planned colonizing North America for 2 things, expanding Catholicism and finding wealth. Though religion wars emerged during this exploration, they were able to expand the religion eventually. Joint-Stock Companies A joint-stock company is a form of business organization that resembled a modern corporation where individuals purchase shares to invest in a company. Though no Surname 2 matter how much a stockholder’s share is, only one vote can be allowed. The first permanent English colonies in the North America were established by joint-stock companies. The concept is said to have been originated in Italy and expanded northwards.

CASE ANAYLSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CASE ANAYLSIS - Essay Example The workers and American went through a strike in 1997. The second stage is perception of conflict where substantive or emotional differences are sensed. For American, this was in 1998 when the American union found that the management was placing more passengers on Canadian Airlines with which they had entered into an agreement under ‘OneWorld’ than was agreed upon with the union members and the pilots protested by stepping away from volunteering overtime hours. The third stage is described as situation where the need to act becomes paramount. For American, this was highlighted by the clash in 1999 where American integrated RenoAir without closing the deal with the union members. This led to a deliberate attempt by pilots to halt work as they called in sick and went on a strike lasting for ten days. This created a breeding ground for further agitation and dissatisfaction. The union claimed that the company was slowing down the integration process so that they could conti nue paying Renopilots at previous wages which were less than those paid to American pilots. The fourth stage is that of conflict resolution/suppression and the aftermath. This was manifest in the American case when the airline suffered huge losses from the strike and brought a suit in court. U.S. District Judge Joe Kendall of Dallas issued a temporary restraining order against the union and held two of its leaders in contempt for reinforcing the protest. Eventually, the strike ended and work was resumed. The direct conflict management techniques are embedded in the acts of assertiveness and cooperativeness. The former is the attempt to satisfy one’s own concerns by expressing while the latter is to satisfy the concerns of the other party. The example of the workers agreeing to labor concessions and overtimes during difficult times of low profits or acceding to

An Adventist Approach on the Doctrine of Salvation Essay

An Adventist Approach on the Doctrine of Salvation - Essay Example The main issues that generate controversy include; perfection and its meaning; justification by faith, sanctification; atonement and the nature of sin (Whidden, 1995, 56-74). Blazen defines salvation from the Hebrew perspective which is closely linked to the term nasal meaning to pull out or withdraw people from danger or away from enemies as shown in {Ps 91:3}. Ellen White’s doctrine of salvation mainly focuses on perfection and justification by faith. Atonement Atonement is one of the elemental principles upon which the Christian faith is founded (Martin 1998, 157-60). There are various models of atonement which have been put forth by Christian scholars over the course of the years. These models include but are not limited to; ransom, victory, government, reconciliation, substitution, satisfaction, and moral influence models. Ellen G White in her discussion on the principle of atonement based upon the importance of freewill which was against the views of her contemporaries. Ellen believed in atonement of the cross as covering all the sin of mankind {Romans 6: 10}. While White’s perspectives can be classified into three of the atonement models, she used the three models in a complementary rather than exclusive manner (Frank 1996, 91-94). The moral influence model as propounded by White focuses on the universality of the death of Christ on the cross as a manifestation of the love of God for a lost world. The proponents of this view of White’s work assert that the death of Christ serves as a moral influence first in drawing man to God and secondly in drawing sinful man to God (Stephen 2005, 39-40). It must be recognized though that the atonement of God though connected with divine love and mercy does not exclude divine justice and the requirement of holiness {James 2, 21-24}. White acknowledges that while the offer of just mercy by is for all, there is a penalty for not accepting the divine mercy. The question of God’s wrath is analyz ed and White comes to the conclusion that God’s wrath is active against the rejection of just mercy as exemplified in the destruction of Korah, Dathan and Abiram {Num. 16: 23-35} (Philip 1989, 51-78). In the discussion of the Satisfaction model, White analyzes the two aspects of God which are justice and his love which are both satisfied by the death on the cross (Horne 1999, 132-138). In Christ dying on the cross God showed both his nature of justice and love toward mankind. The most dominant view of Ellen White’s discussions on atonement is the Penal Substitution model. In this model White argues for justification by faith in Christ who is the substitute for the just penalty of sin. God offers himself as the substitute for man’s sin and therefore also shows his love. The nature of Sin The bible is the single piece of literature which describes in intricate detail the aspect of sin from its start to its end. The beginning of the bible describes the entry of sin into the world and the end portrays its eradication. Between the time of sin entering the world and its eradication is also described a struggle with sin by humanity. While most people consider Adam to be the origin of sin, the bible provides further insight to prove just the contrary. {Ezekiel 28: 14, 15} describes the rebellion of Lucifer against God even before the creation of the world which makes Lucifer the original sinner (Hanna 2004, 89-93). While sin originated in heaven it did not develop in

Research Paper (Accounting Research paper) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

(Accounting ) - Research Paper Example They evaluated the Moore farm and ascertained a cost of $450,000 which is equivalent to the fair market value of an estate with geological flaw. The intention of the expertise was to organize the corporation to invest in building where each party will receive a just and equitable stock pursuant to the services or property contributed. Tim joined the joint venture after lawful consultation with his tax advisor where he opted to transfer the land for the sale instead of receiving the stock with a note of $450,000 bearing an interest after five years. Tim recognized a gain on the sale of land instead of a stock of $450,000. The gain of this interest is taxable pursuant to the internal revenue code. Concord Instruments Corporation, 67 TCM 3036, T.C. Memo. 1994-248, a related fact pattern, upheld that the oral instructions to the broker to sell the stock at a very high cost comprised of enough identification of the shares. Reg. Â § 1.107-1(c)(3) articulates that stock can only be identified fully when (1) a particular stock to be sold is identified by the taxpayer and (2) the broker in written form confirms the instructions of the taxpayer within a period deemed reasonable. The IRS’s position in concord case was that no written confirmation of the instructions of the taxpayer was provided as per regulation demands. It is, therefore, lawful that the gain amount to be recognized should follow the FIFO basis in determination of the cost incurred to the shares sold. The taxpayer had an obligation to admit the argument of the taxpayer. It was concluded that the regulations in action currently do not make the provision of exclusive ways of identifying the stock that is sold. The taxpayer was allowed by the court to use the specific identification method. In a similar case, The Internal Revenue Code Reg. section 1.1031(a)-I(c), the ruling involved the property of the same kind but

The Strategy Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Strategy Experience - Essay Example All these will be supported through strong theoretical backgrounds. The key agendas in meeting 1 were Market opportunity in china, Sustainability policy, culture change in New York and consultants report on opportunities in digital media. The agendas in meeting two were client churn- critical success factors, sponsorship opportunity, knowledge sharing and communication coordination and corporate governance. The agendas of third meeting were launching cine FX in London and New York - core / non core business services, market opportunity Asian SME\s - strategic directions / diversification / market development, changing organisational structure to meet our strategic challenges and bringing down print costs - the power of buyers / suppliers in procurement. Lastly, the agendas of meeting four were competitor action puts pressure on margins in our market insights business, profiting from sustainability, strategic alliance Indian advertising market and rationalisation and cost cutting. In the first board meeting, the company’s first agenda was to discuss about the market opportunity in china. Initially, the company had a thought that there is no assurance that entering this market will be beneficial for the company. In addition, it was also identified that increased profitability will not be an immediate venture, but at the same time not entering the Chinese market will have financial impact on the company. The next key agenda of discussion was sustainability policy. This issue was discussed because of the fact that sustainability has clearly been a key issue in this present business context. Moreover, sustainability issues can impact WRSX Group both internally and externally. The strategic intention as well as the strategic choice pertaining to management of sustainability has remained the same. It has been observed that management of sustainability is increasing the confidence of investors. The third one is

Electronic health record (EHR) Literature review

Electronic health record (EHR) - Literature review Example EHRs are very quick as there is no need for any paper-work for documenting and sharing of the information and images. Thus, an EHR plays a vital role in evidence based treatment and decision-making without having to go through the manual process (Williams, 2010; National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources, 2006). These enable access to the records even from distant areas by means of online networking. The drawback with EHRs is that these are quite expensive but once implemented, these tend to be very cost-effective. Carter (2008) studied that the concept of EHRs began in 1960s â€Å"with the COSTAR system, developed by Barnett at the Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital† (p.7). According to him, the earlier efforts provided models and pseudo types on which current â€Å"hospital-based and ambulatory† EHRs are based upon. Iakovidis (1998) suggested that EHRs can be used as tools for continuity of care and for collabora tive performance of healthcare providers. Many researchers have studied the functionality of EHRs in various contexts. All studies have led to the conclusion that EHRs are a significant contribution to the medical industry since these have modernized the way patients’ data is stored. Poissant et al. ... Research has it that despite significant advantages of EHRs, their adoption rates are progressing rather slowly. Gans et al (2005) conducted a research on the use of EHRs and IT based tools in the health industry and concluded that most health professionals were not incorporating EHRs especially in smaller practices. Their findings suggested that the adoption of EHRs was making progress at a snail's pace; however, the physicians planned to incorporate them in the coming years. They found that this happened because the practitioners found it difficult to choose and implement EHRs. This research is supported by the findings by Jha et al. (2006) who studied how common are the EHRs in USA’s health sector. They found that the year they conducted the research, the commonness of EHRs was low on scale. According to them, â€Å"data on their adoption rate are limited.† They found that only 23.9 percent of providers were using ambulatory EHRs and 5 percent were using computerized systems. They suggested that what kept physicians from implementing EHRs in their settings was the knowledge gap. These findings are further supported by recent researches as well. For example, Jha et al. (2009) conducted a research to find out if the adoption rate of EHRs in the healthcare sector has increased with passing years. Thus, they conducted a second research in 2009 and came to the same conclusion as in 2006. They found that â€Å"despite a consensus that the use of health information technology should lead to more efficient, safer, and higher-quality care, there are no reliable estimates of the prevalence of adoption of electronic health records in U.S. hospitals.† Jha et al. (2009) conducted a big survey of a number of acute care hospitals to find out the EHR

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay In A view from the bridge, Miller has tried to make a hero out of a man who has no redeeming qualities. Do you agree? I agree that Miller has tried to make a hero out of a man with no redeeming qualities. Although Miller did not succeed, he still has attempted to make this typical longshoreman, Eddie Carbone a hero. What makes a hero a hero? A young handsome gentleman who saves the day? If this is what a hero is defined as then no, Miller has not tried to make Eddie Carbone a hero. However the word hero can have more than just one meaning. If Miller thought a hero was someone who had done something particularly worthy, then I would say yes, Miller has succeeded turning Eddie into a hero, as Eddie dying for the love of Catherine is nothing less than admirable. A hero is defined as a man who due to a tragic flaw, dies, and because of his death, we feel a heavy sense of loss and pity. A classic example would be Macbeth. But what does Macbeth have that makes him a hero that Eddie Carbone does not? The fact that Macbeth was of noble birth and Eddie Carbone was just a typical longshoreman who worked on the piers of Brooklyn Bridge. The reason I think Miller has tried to make a hero out of Eddie is because of the way he creates Eddie and the characters around him. A good example of this would be Alfieri. Miller creates Alfieri as the Greek chorus. Not only is Alfieri the observer, he too plays a crucial part of the play as the law. Miller has used Alfieri to create a sense of justice throughout the play, and as the play goes on, we learn to trust Alfieri. Miller has used this trust that we have for Alfieri to build up the feelings we have towards Eddie. I feel this way as Alfieri constantly praises Eddie and although Alfieri knows that Eddies death was useless, he will still mourn him with a certain alarm. Alfieri also mentions that he will love him more than all my sensible clients which gives the audience a sense of doubt of whether or not Eddie deserved to die. Another character Miller has used to make Eddie look more hero-like is Catherine. Although it was the love for Catherine that caused Eddies death, I feel that this is what Miller intended. After all, it is the love for Catherine which is Eddies only redeeming quality. This love is displayed throughout the play not only for Catherine, but for his family. Eddie Carbone was a man who worked on the piers when there was work, brought home his pay, and lived; this alone gives us enough reason for Eddie to qualify as a hero, because it was all his years of striving which kept his family alive. This would definitely be considered as a redeeming quality. However, although Miller has tried to make Eddie into a hero, he has not succeeded. Miller has created a chauvinistic dictator with somewhat of an inner child. Eddie Carbone is a typical Italian male who dominates the household and feels that strength and face is most important. We see Eddies display of male superiority in the beginning of the play when Catherine first tells him about her job. Because Eddie is the man of the house he makes all the decisions and what he says goes. We see this male domination every time Edie talks to Beatrice. Because Eddie is the husband, he has to be obeyed. Eddie also has a childish behavior as well. Like a child, Eddie speaks his own mind regardless of other peoples feelings. We notice this in Act one when Catherine shows Eddie her new dress. In the play, Miller has displayed traits of Eddies dog manic behavior not only in speech, but in action too. We see this in the end of Act one. By the end of Act one, we already start to see the physical side of Eddies feelings towards Rodolfo. In this crucial moment we also see the close connection between the brotherhood of Rodolfo and Marco. When Eddie defeats Rodolfo whilst teaching him how to box, Marco immediately becomes aware of the hostility Eddie has towards Rodolfo and directly threatens Eddie by lifting the chair above his head in an intimidating posture. Although Eddies flaws outweigh his redeeming qualities, in conclusion, I would still say that Miller has tried to make a hero out of Eddie, a man who has no redeeming qualities, and has not succeeded. By: Stephanie Ko Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Hepatitis B epidemiology and prevention strategies Essay Example for Free

Hepatitis B epidemiology and prevention strategies Essay Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection which is characterized by hepatic cell inflammation and disturbed liver functioning and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. It is a disease known to mankind since antiquity, given that cases of epidemic jaundice are reported in ancient Chinese documents as well as in Hippocrates’ writings in the 5th century B. C. Similar epidemics have been described during the Medieval and the Renaissance years, however, the first recorded cases of hepatitis B are probably dated in 1883 in German shipyard workers following the administration of small pox vaccine. In 1965, Blumberg identified a specific antigen in the serum of an Australian Aborigine, named â€Å"Australia antigen†, which was later linked to hepatitis B. Its detection allowed the accurate diagnosis of HBV infection, expanded scientific knowledge on the field and led to effective prevention and treatment strategies (Mahmoud Al-Hussami, 2004). According to World Health Organization, hepatitis B affects almost 2 billion people worldwide, which represents one third of global population. 75% of the world population live in areas of high endemicity, thus being exposed to high infection risk. (Previsani et al, 2002). In its chronic form, the infection affects almost 350 million individuals and may lead to several major complications including liver cirrhosis and failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, thus having an adverse effect on patients’ survival and quality of life (Lok, 2002; Rantala, 2008). Recent epidemiological and clinical data reveal that up to 80% of primary liver tumors worldwide can be attributed to chronic HBV infection (Lavanchy et al, 2004). It is estimated that hepatitis B is responsible for one million deaths annually, half of which are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, economotechnical studies worldwide reveal that chronic hepatic B patients require long and frequent hospitalizations thus posing a significant financial burden on national health care systems (Pantazis et al, 2008). There is great variation in hepatitis B prevalence rates worldwide. The disease is more prevalent in developing countries, including tropical Africa, Southeast Asia and China, where 10-15% of the general population are HBsAg carriers (Previsani et al, 2002). In contrast, developed countries with higher standards of living and better organized public health systems, are considered areas of low endemicity for the disease. In Western and Central Europe, North America and Australia, seroprevalence rates range from 0.  2 to 1. 5% of the general population. In these areas, young adults are mostly affected, with males having 1. 8 greater risk to be infected compared to females. It is estimated that 200,000-300,000 individuals in the United States become infected with HBV annually, and almost one million people are chronically infected. Despite, HBV infection’s low prevalence, there are certain sub-populations in the Western world that run extremely high risk compared to the general population. These high-risk groups include infants born to infected mothers, healthcare workers, intravenous drug users, individuals living with HBV patients, sexually active heterosexuals with multiple partners, homosexual males, haemodialysis patients and patients frequently receiving blood transfusions (Previsani et al, 2002). The existence of a sub-population of vulnerable individuals, underlines the fact that hepatitis B remains a small yet appreciable public health risk and emphasizes the need for proper interventions. WHO suggests specific measures aiming at HBV infection surveillance and disease control. Although in most countries reporting HBV infection is mandatory, a significant percentage of cases go under-reported and surveillance systems need to be upgraded. In addition, effective disease control should encompass broadening of immunization, effective screening of blood and blood products to avoid transmission through transfusion and educating healthcare workers and high-risk individuals (Previsani et al, 2002). After the introduction of HBV vaccine in 1981, the systematic implementation of national vaccination programs in developed countries has led to a significant decrease in seroprevalence. By the end of the year 2007, 171 countries had instituted the systematic vaccination of infants [5]. HBV vaccine represents a safe and highly effective method of immunization which protects against hepatitis B and its long-term complications in 95% of cases (Previsani et al, 2008). Initially, HBV vaccine was a plasma derived product, however due to concerns regarding the possibility of viral transmission, it was substituted by the recombinant form. The current trend in hepatitis B vaccination supported by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) is to target not solely high risk individuals but also all newborns, children and adolescents up to 18 years of age, given that in a significant proportion (30%) of acute HBV infections no risk factor can be traced. However, despite the vaccine’s established efficacy, vaccination programs’ success is currently limited by the existence of a sizeable percentage of individuals who refuse to be vaccinated. Several studies worldwide have revealed that vaccination rates among healthcare workers hardly reach 50% (CDC, 1991). Likewise, in earlier and recent studies, parents reported significant doubts about global infant immunization (Woodruff et al, 1996; Hontelez et al, 2010). A recent German study reported vaccination rates of 29% for the general population and 58% for high risk groups, revealing a significant gap in vaccination coverage (Schenkel et al, 2008). Parameters which have consistently been shown to relate to vaccination acceptance include higher educational level, younger age and better information about the disease (Mahmoud Al-Hussami, 2004; Panhotra et al, 2005). Additional reasons for low vaccination compliance may be associated with vaccine availability and cost. Despite their growth and prosperity and the development of welfare state, western societies still have to cope with the fact that a sizeable proportion of the population lacks access to basic healthcare, due to financial and social reasons. These findings underscore the importance of informing and educating the public opinion about hepatitis B and widening the availability of HBV vaccine. In order to implement an effective vaccination campaign, people should be responsibly informed regarding risk factors, ways of transmission and prevention measures. In this way, not only vaccination acceptance will rise, but, in addition, individuals will be encouraged to adopt a healthier lifestyle, including embracing basic hygiene habits, condom use and other safe sex practices in everyday life. Previous research has shown that using the internet and the mass media to provide disease-related information may have a positive impact on disease prevention (Kang et al, 2010). In addition, school-based programs have proven adequately efficacious in modifying negative parental attitudes towards immunization thus increasing vaccination rates. (Ogilvie et al, 2010). Insurance providers are strongly encouraged to undertake similar educational initiatives targeting the whole population to minimize disease’s medical, psychosocial and financial impact. Lowering vaccine cost and rendering it accessible to the whole population requires additional funding and strong policy makers, determined to defend public safety and well-being against economic gain and pharmaceutical companies’ agendas. In the USA, the price of vaccination per dose ranges from 15 to 41 U. S. dollars, depending on the context where it takes place, and emerges as a major barrier to immunization. However, even in countries of low endemicity, such as the USA, universal immunization programs appear cost-effective, given the significant burden imposed by the disease and its long-term complications in terms of financial and human resources (Previsani et al, 2002). When coping with public health issues, preventive approaches represent more efficacious and cost-effective strategies compared to treatment plans, and in this respect, insurance providers may economize in the long run by covering vaccination’s cost. Another important measure for disease control is the implementation of systematic screening of blood and blood products. Modern screening practices based on recent advances in immunochemistry and molecular biology have significantly decreased HBV transmission through blood transfusion, however, there remains a small percentage of cases where HBV can not be detected. These cases represent a significant risk for multi-transfused patients, a risk which can be eliminated through educating and encouraging blood donors to keep a responsible and sensitive stance. Avoiding donating blood when engaging in high risk behaviors is probably the more simple and effective way of reducing the risk of HBV infection through blood transfusion. In conclusion, hepatitis B represents a major public health condition worldwide, associated with severe complications, poor quality of life and increased mortality rates. National and international organizations have addressed the issue, raising public and individual awareness and encouraging wide-scale immunization programs. However, significant obstacles have been detected in the implementation of disease prevention strategies, including difficulties in repudiating high-risk behaviors and adopting a healthier way of living, and limited availability and acceptance of the vaccine. In this respect, policy makers can maximize the efficacy of HBV prevention, by providing accurate and valid information to the public and increasing people’s access to vaccination.